Employee Relations And Work Environment Success - 1639 Words

Assignment 2: Unions Shirley A. Allen Argosy University B7426 Strategic Talent Management M3 Assignment 2 Dr. Marianne Greenfield September 16, 2015 Assignment 2: Unions Students are required to assume the role of a collective bargaining consultant. The collective bargaining consultant duties are to review the employees’ policies of the global retailer business. This company has been operating for many years, with effective employee relations and work environment success. However, a topic of union organizing was introduced to the employees because some workers were frustrated by new regulations implemented by management. Global retailer’ has been operating without a union since inception. Senior management is against allowing any of its workers to organize a union, but due to the increasing demands from both workers and the media, they are evaluating the consequences of agreeing to the union organizing within the stores. The bargaining consultant will be reviewing four major benefits to starting a retail company by using organized labor. The benefits are employees will be represented for the purpose of improving th e workers economic status, working conditions, employee’s unjust dismissal, and training. However, without organized labor operating the retail company this will give management more control over business decisions. Not including a union, the management can negotiate their own employee agreements, and make exceptions to policies asShow MoreRelatedA Company s Total Rewards Program1227 Words   |  5 Pagesculture and values. HR professionals should work with organizations to create a holistic and integrated total rewards program. As business objectives and priorities evolve HR professionals should work to make sure the company rewards program stays relevant and attractive. Creating and successfully executing the company total rewards package requires HR staff who are knowledgeable of market rates and trends. There are many ways to measure the perceived success of a company’s rewards program; I believeRead MoreThe Importance Of Employee Well Being For Employees1483 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesexternal environment as well as changes in the work demands and contractual position of employees, employee well-being has become an issue that cannot be simply swept away (Vanhala Tuomi, 2003). According to Bakker (2015) employee well-being is one of the most popular researched area among organisational psychologist. Further Grant, Christianson Price (2007) comment that employee well-being is a hot topic in organisational life and that organisations are seriously investing in employee well-beingRead MoreEmployee Relations Issues1696 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee Relations Issues Individual Research Project Employee Relations Issues By Oksana Kirsanova GB520: Strategic Human Resources Management Kaplan University April 25, 2011 Abstract Abstract The aim of this report was to explore the problems and trends of Employee Relations and learn how the right approach can control organizational success. If a small amount of time is spent on implementing an effective performance management system within a company then it can lead to a large impact onRead MoreThe Success Of Total Rewards Program Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Assume an organization wants to gauge the success of its total rewards program. Discuss at least two possible metrics or outcomes it might use. Be sure to explain why you chose the metrics you discuss and how they are indicative of a successful total rewards program. A total rewards system is utilized to motivate, attract, and retain employees whom offer talents to an organization. Total rewards can be either intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, which can include compensation, benefitsRead MoreHealth, Safety, Wellness, Security Impact on Employees from the HR Perspective1031 Words   |  5 PagesSafety, Wellness, Security impact on employees from the HR perspective. Every organization wants to provide a good work environment to all employees to attract possible employees, ensure retention and guarantee employee satisfaction. This protection to employees is due to the fact that employees are the most valuable asset to any organization. Providing a safe and secure work place is the employer priority to ensure the employees health, safety security and wellness. The terms health, safetyRead MoreHuman Resource Management620 Words   |  3 PagesHow employees are managed in an organization is important to the workflow of the workplace. Human resource management has several roles that encompass employee management, which include staffing, employee relations, training, benefits, and workplace safety. These roles are vital to the success of an organization. Human resource management in the health care industry is especially important because this department is responsible for hiring the best and most qualified health care workers. The abilityRead MoreNhs : National Health Services903 Words   |  4 Pagesand dental services, can charge their patients for payment. NHS is providing health services to 64.1m people in UK and 53.9m in England. (http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/overview.aspx) NHS is the fifth biggest entity in terms of its work force. NHS employs 1.6 million employees across UK and 1.3 million in England. These include 40,236 General Practitioners, 351,446 nurses and 18576 ambulance staff. The number of staff working in Hospital, community health services and dental servicesRead MoreHuman Resource Department And The Human Resources Department1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human Resource Department is one of the essential divisions in an organization with a complete structure. Its function involves maximizing employee performance, improving the company policies, enhancing the skills of the employees through training, established system in the organization, managing people, give rewards and privileges, planning, implementing and a lot more. Why there is a need of this department? This is because people are the biggest asset of a company that no one can ever replicateRead MoreHuman Resource Department And The Human Resources Department1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human Resource Department is one of the essential divisions in an organization with a complete structure. Its function involves maximizing employee performance, improving the company policies, enhancing the skills of the employees through training, established system in the organization, managing people, give rewards and privileges, planning, implementing and a lot more. Why there is a need of this department? This is because people are the biggest asset of a company that no one can ever replicateRead MoreEmployee Engagement : A Leading And Primary Source And Tool Of Competitive Advantage And Business Success Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee engagement has been recognised by many organisations as a leading and primary source and tool of competitive advantage and business success. Based on research conducted, engaged employees are recognised as being more productive than disengaged employees; thus leading to improved employee performance, increased workplace productivity and profitability, and ultimately, organisational success. The term employee engagement is primarily associated with the employee’s commitment to the objectives

The Determinants Of Australian Consumers Attitudes...

1.0 Introduction and Background The growth of online retail shopping has experienced an extensive growth in Australia and also worldwide in the last few years, the rapid growth in numbers of internet users buying products online. Research shows that the growth of online shopping has continued to outperform that of traditional retail, since November 2011 and November 2012 The National Australia Bank retail index shows online retail sales have increased by 27% since previous years. Factors that may be driving the growth of online shopping in Australia may include: (16 January, 2013, Logistics Materials Handling Blog) †¢ Consumers are seeking better value in their purchases †¢ There is a greater selection of goods †¢ The increase of widespread usage of mobile Phones (increase in convenience) †¢ Increasing level of simplicity and comfort with technology and the internet surrounded by consumers across all age groups †¢ Use of social media by both consumers and retailers to drive brand awareness of group buying sites This research assignment will search to recognize the determinants of Australian consumers’ attitudes toward online retail shopping. It will examine possible differences across market segments including demographic segments and behavioural segments (e.g., Internet usage patterns). Interviews have been conducted to explore the drivers of online retail shopping behaviour. This assignment aim is to qualitatively discover the determinants of Australian consumers’Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The s Colleges Bachelor Of Business1232 Words   |  5 PagesColes In Year 2016 (2016), â€Å"Coles is committed to offering customers everyday value, quality fresh produce and a better shopping experience.† Essentially, it is vital that the company run the business feasible as well as in a responsible way. Based on the previous financial year 2016, Coles Supermarket made a total profit of +4.3%, food and liquor sales growth by +5.1%, online sales growth of 24.1% and convenience store sales growth of +11.1%. The aim of this report is to examine and analyze theRead MoreA Research Study On My Personal Habits2188 Words   |  9 Pagesimplement into their work. This allows for the researcher to learn new ways on how improve their study, making it more user friendly and less research orientated. â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report examines the online shopping industry and attitudes of Australian consumers towards online shopping. The sample size was of 741 males and females, aged between 18 and 41+. The methodology used was a short Likert scale survey and various fixed format questions. The ethics of this research followed the guidelinesRead MoreAMB201 Tutorial 21216 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch? a) Exploratory c) Causal b) Descriptive d) Analysis Practice Questions 2. A researcher is interested to learn about the reasons for why some people continue to buy physical newspapers, despite the same content being available for free online. Which type of research is most suited? a) Exploratory c) Causal b) Descriptive d) Analysis Practice Questions 3. 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Competitors and Context (Appendix D, E F) A PEST analysis of the Australian market reveals a demographic shift to the under -15s market (Euromonitor 2012), which was an opportunity for Billabong to target. Using Porter’s Five Forces (Appendix E), a Positioning Map and Competitor Threat Analysis (Appendix F) to analyseRead MoreAustralian Hardware Industry Marketing Analysis2901 Words   |  12 PagesROYALTY ESTABLISHMENT RECOMMENDATION THREE-FEATURES DIFFERENTIATION REFERENCE â€Æ' Introduction Australian hardware industry showed a considerable growth in the last 10 years. The market sees a cash revenue of $22 billion per year. Bunnings owned by wesdfarmers is the market leader. Launched in 2011 Masters is the home improvement big box retail offer, offering Australian consumers a retail experience they have never seen before. Each store stocks over 35,000 different product lines from outdoorRead MoreThe Digital Camera Industry (Comparison of Canon and Sumsung)3760 Words   |  16 Pagestoday’s society as well as several factors, which influence consumer behaviour in the buying process. This report uses Canon Inc as an illustration along with the discussion of each topic. Firstly, this report will discuss the background and size of the digital camera industry. The digital camera industry is getting bigger with the technological advancements in society today. Marketers thus need to be aware of the needs of consumers in order to cater to specific target groups as also gain a competitiveRead MoreFactors of Customer Loyalty in Banking Industry13412 Words   |  54 Pagesstrategy and give their customers an exclusive experience with their products and services. The primary aim of them is to assure and win their loyalty for their company. In order to accomplish this, each bank wishes to offer an outstanding service towards their customers. If a firm failed to keep and improve their services, it is impossible for them to accomplish their targets. So, customer loyalty can be said as a remarkable strategic objective for businesses. While studies on customer loyalty haveRead MoreMobile Banking11695 Words   |  47 Pages2010]. Concerning the difference between online banking and mobile banking contexts, customers considered mobility as the most valued feature of mobile banking [Suoranta Mattila 2004] and the time-critical consumers considered the always-on functionality as the most important feature of mobile banking [Singh et al. 2010], while banking users considered that Internet banking took significant advantage in Usefulness and Purpose [Natarajan et al. 2010] and online banking was suggested as the cheapestRead MoreImpact of E-Shopping on Travel Behavior in Netherlands6585 Words   |  26 Pagesï » ¿Exploring th e use of e-shopping and its impact on personal travel behaviour in the Netherlands ABSTRACT The Internet makes it possible to conduct activities, such as working and shopping, without travelling to activity places. As e-shopping becomes popular, it can fundamentally change peoples travel behaviour. In this study we have used a literature review, an Internet survey of e-shoppers, and the Netherlands National Travel Survey to analyse the possible impact of e-shopping on travel behaviour

Prediction and Control of Occupant †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Prediction and Control of Occupant. Answer: Introduction The situation described in this particular case study is that a fast growing law firm, Cheetham and Wyne is located in Aucklandand specializes in commercial law. The law firm was initially founded by Owen Cheetham and Jack Wyne. Then the partners list increased by two more lawyers who were Mark Cheetham and Cathy Wyne. With the arrival of new faces and hiring of new staff, the old premises of the office became quite small for accommodating the total number of employees, thus the entire office was shifted to a new premises that overlooked the harbor. Mark and Cathy also convinced their fathers to restructure the office design into an open plan design. This study particularly focuses upon the changes in office after the installation of the open office design and the reactions of the partners and employees in relation to this. The discussion has been presented in the form of answers in relation to the questions mentioned in the project. There are a number of reasons for employees resisting the change to an open-plan office approach. One of the major reasons is that employees in general are resistant to change. This means that employees after working in a certain environment for a long period of time tend to get used to such environment, thus resist any kind of change. To be more specific, generally a particular individual is the most comfortable in his own house, similarly an employee is the most comfortable in the known environment that he is working in since the beginning, therefore prefers his or her old desk rather than a new table (Creemers 2014). The founders or the senior partners Jack and Owen though did not like the idea of transforming the design of the office into open plan design they listened to their children and changed the design of the office. Similarly like Jack and Owen many of the employees think that enclosed spaces rather than open wide ones enable a person to work in a better way, thus they resist the open plan approach (Kim and de 2013). Another reason for resisting change to an open-plan office approach is that some employees especially those among the senior staff of the law firm feel that they have lost their privacy and that they are treated a little too much equally with the other staff that is their subordinates. This is a reason of concern because in general most of the senior staff are old men who like their privacy and do not like the idea of working in open spaces. Some other employees are of the opinion that the open-plan office approach has hampered their work because earlier they could spend their little intervals of breaks in between work, just by sitting in their own enclosed spaces and chatting over the phone but now as the entire concept of walls has been demolished under the design of open-plan office approach, they are not being able to spend their leisure time in accordance to their wish. In fact this is very true and advised by experts that the smallest measure of time that an employee gets withi n his or her work should be quality time spent by him or her. If this is blocked then the quality of work is ultimately hampered. Therefore this is a major reason for resisting change. Another reason is that the online booking system that Cathy had introduced for booking rooms for conducting meetings has not been a success among the employees. Even the playpen created for the relaxation of the employees is of no use as the employees use it for the purpose of chatting and wasting time. Thus the founders Jack and Owen resist the change (Hongisto et al., 2016). Another major reason for employees resisting the change to an open-plan office approachis that, an office is the meeting point of different individuals from different backgrounds and all of them have an unique style of thinking and belong to different cultures. This may be a positive point for many but in case of working in an office where there is no option other than communicating with everyone as the work place is designed in such a way, it may be a barrier or an issue of concern for many. For an instance the topic of interest for a particular employee may not be the same for another and as the design of the office is such that there are no walls or enclosed spaces, an employee is left with no other option but to participate. This may not be a major issue of concern for others but some employees may be hackneyed by this de (Bakker et al., 2017). The most concerning issue with the concept of open-plan office is that it directly affects business. This is because a law firm handles a variety of clients and as a result there will be certain client-centric critical information that is private and should only be shared between the client and his lawyer. A design of open-plan office is such that there will be no enclosed spaces where such exchange of confidential information can take place, thus imposing a breach on the clients data security. Therefore these are the primary reasons for the employees posing resistance to change (Austin, Kimmons and Sigmar 2014). The partners in order to minimize the resistance to change might have adopted a number of ways. The first action that could be taken is that along with the wide open space shared by employees there also could be the provision of meeting rooms or enclosed spaces available so that the employees could avail the option of both communicating with everyone and maintaining their privacy as and when required. The next action that could be taken on the part of the partners is that before implementing the open-plan office design, a feedback from the staff could be taken so as to plan the design in a better and competent way. This would also ensure that the needs and choices of the employees of are kept in mind while implementing anything in the office or in the process of decision making. The management of the law firm should be very keen on maintaining the privacy of client information. Client information is crucial information in the hands of the firm and should be handled with utmost care. For this purpose small, totally enclosed rooms could also be installed inside theoffice premises where lawyers and clients could meet and discuss the case accordingly. Lastly the senior staff who have been in the firm for a long time should be treated with due respect meaning personal rooms should be arranged according to their hierarchy of authority (Konis 2013). The barriers of communication that appear to exist in the law firm are numerous. According to the case study there has been loads of complaints from many of the staff in the law firm. The major barrier to communication is the deficiency of the use of written communication. For an instance a particular employee as mentioned in the case study comments that he had been employed as an accountant in the law firm along with loads of promise like he would be in charge of the administrative and the paralegal staff. He was further promised that he would be managing the entire staff other than the lawyers but after nine months of employment he was just managing four of the staff and even the restructuring of the firm had not taken place. When enquired, the accountant had been informed that due to shifting of the office to the new premises the restructuring was on hold and would progress once the shifting to the new premises had been done. But post shifting the needful still had not been done i n the past three months. The particular employee also enrolled himself in a MBA related to law with thehope that the fees of the course would be borne by the firm as discussed with him informally via verbal communication. This as usual was not maintained on the part of his employer. The reason that was presented to him was that normally course fees amounted to $6000 per annum therefore his MBA fees that amounted to $30000 could not be borne by the company. Therefore no usage of written communication is most definitely a barrier to communication (Shahzad 2016). Another barrier is lack of interaction among the employees. For instance there are several events that take place in office outings. The way of expressing humour by some individuals may not be the same for others. As mentioned in the case study Cathy putting ants inside the top of Pauline during the office picnic was not at all appreciated by Pauline but this was not communicated by Pauline. Had this been sat and discussed between the two then the personal grudges and complaints could be excluded. Another instance is that another employee post the process of performance review, did get only a raise of two percent. When he enquired the reason for such a low raise he was informed that he was too slow in processing contracts and his work had some errors but when further enquired about the errors he was informed that the errors were corrected and that his no further assistance was required. This is also a barrier to communication because had the doubts regarding the raise been cleared by the higher authority official then the confusion and complaint on the part of the employee could have been avoided (Chraibi et al., 2016). There are also issues regarding the communication of the policies of the firm. For an instance a particular situation is described in the case study where a particular employee claims that he has shared certain tampered and provocative information about Cathy in the social media by addressing her with a different name. Now if the rules and regulations about sharing any kind of data related to the office over the social media could be very well communicated to each and every employee then the occurrence of such nuisance could have been averted (Vassie and Richardson 2017). The ways in which the barriers to communication can be avoided are increasing both inter level and intra level communication. The communication issues that are highlighted in the above answer to part a clearly suggest that there has been a huge gap in communication. It is evident that the employees are not at all comfortable in sharing their complaints and grievances with the management of the firm. Either they are in fear of losing their job therefore do not take up their issues to the higher authority officials or they think complaining or putting forth their grievances will minimize their chances of getting promotion or excelling in their area of work. Thus more and more initiatives must be taken on the part of the partners to encourage the employees so that they can develop a free attitude and communicate clearly with the management (Brown 2015). The law firm had been initially founded by Owen Cheetham and Jack Wyne. Later their children Mark Cheetham and Cathy Wyne had taken over the law firm. Cathy especially had convinced her father to restructure the firm. In fact both Cathy and Mark convinced Owen and Jack as to hire new staff, an idea which both Owen and Jack strongly opposed because they thought that not every lawyer could work had like they did. Cathy even could convince her father to change the design of the office into an open office. Thus it is evident that Mark and Cathy have much power in their hand. A further example of them exercising their power can be understood from the instance when Cathy and Mark in order to support another lawyer travelled to Hamilton. Thus it is clear that they have much power in their hands and are using it in the interest of the firm as well as the employees (Danielsson et al., 2015). Conclusion An influence tactic used by the partners is the concept of performance review. As mentioned in the case study there are no judgment rules or standards by which the performance of a particular employee can be measured. To be more clear many employees are of the opinion that they have no understanding of the ways in which their performance has been measured and how they are getting a low raise in their basic salaries. Another tactic used by an employee is that she did bring business for the firm but in exchange did share certain information with the client which she did hide from the office. These are some of the basic tactics used by the partners and other staff of the firm (Hongisto 2017). It is understood from the entire study that the law firm is in a good position to prosper but the new imposed design of open-office plan has not been a much success. In fact it has become a barrier in the road to excellence for the law firm. Thus initiatives should be taken to remove employee grievances and should be encouraged in order to share the issues they are facing in the office. References Austin, T.L., Kimmons, J.V. and Sigmar, L.S., 2014. LOST IN SPACE: THE CASE FOR (OR AGAINST) THE OPEN OFFICE. Business Studies Journal, p.19. Brown, M.J., 2015, August. Prediction and control of occupant generated noise levels in open plan collaborative office spaces. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings (Vol. 250, No. 2, pp. 4693-4704). Institute of Noise Control Engineering. Chraibi, S., Lashina, T., Shrubsole, P., Aries, M., van Loenen, E. and Rosemann, A., 2016. Satisfying light conditions: a field study on perception of consensus light in Dutch open office environments. Building and Environment, 105, pp.116-127. Creemers, P.P., 2014. Satisfying dimming speed for co-workers in an open office: optimal fading time of a granular lighting system in an open-plan office. Danielsson, C.B., Bodin, L., Wulff, C. and Theorell, T., 2015. The relation between office type and workplace conflict: A gender and noise perspective. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, pp.161-171. de Bakker, C., Aries, M., Kort, H. and Rosemann, A., 2017. Occupancy-based lighting control in open-plan office spaces: A state-of-the-art review. Building and Environment, 112, pp.308-321. Hongisto, V., Haapakangas, A., Varjo, J., Helenius, R. and Koskela, H., 2016. Refurbishment of an open-plan officeEnvironmental and job satisfaction. Journal of environmental psychology, 45, pp.176-191. Hongisto, V., Varjo, J., Oliva, D., Haapakangas, A. and Benway, E., 2017. Perception of Water-Based Masking SoundsLong-Term Experiment in an Open-Plan Office. Frontiers in psychology, 8. Kim, J. and de Dear, R., 2013. Workspace satisfaction: The privacy-communication trade-off in open-plan offices. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, pp.18-26. Konis, K., 2013. Evaluating daylighting effectiveness and occupant visual comfort in a side-lit open-plan office building in San Francisco, California. Building and Environment, 59, pp.662-677. Shahzad, S., Calautit, J.K., Hughes, B., Brennan, J. and Theodossopoulos, D., 2016, January. Thermal Comfort and Energy: CFD, BES and Field Study in a British Open Plan Office with Displacement Ventilation. In Proceedings of 9th Windsor Conference: Making Comfort Relevant.. Vassie, K. and Richardson, M., 2017. Effect of self-adjustable masking noise on open-plan office workers concentration, task performance and attitudes. Applied Acoustics, 119, pp.119-127.

Public Schools Are The Building Blocks Of Our Societies. They Can Be C

Public schools are the building blocks of our societies. They can be considered our foundational instruments. Although these institutes of learning play such an important role, they are unable to provide the best they can, due to their numerous flaws. It is evident that these problems exist by the number of school dropouts, falling test scores, and increased number of reported crimes. These problems all intermingle, with one another. Some can even be direct causes of each other. In other words, by making the necessary adjustments, for at least one of the problems, every problem could benefit. With the help of some basic tactics and methods, reform of public schools is possible. A basic example of this can be seen dealing with the problem of overcrowded schools. When there are too many students in a class, everyone suffers. Teachers have a hard enough time, trying to keep an average size class focused. Students are also affected, because teachers are not able to spend enough time with them individually. The overcrowding is not only a direct effect of the world's growing population, but is also caused by the lack of federal spending. To build a new school, expenses would be incurred for the construction, engineering, and furnishing of the school. To boot, infrastructure reconstruction, such as streets, sewers, and utilities, can be costly. A solution to all this is for schools to be open all year. Year-round-education (YRE) is one of the simplest and most cost-effective ways to deal with the insufficient classroom space. A school on a year-round calendar, has students in class for approximately 242 days, each year, (Brekke, 1992). In this type of schooling, instead of having on long vacation, students would have several smaller breaks. YRE is the best way to educate children, without having to cut corners. Obviously, it costs more to keep a school open for 242 days, rather than 180. All faculty, custodians, nurses, and counselors, must be on-hand, for the whole year. In actuality, it is less expensive to keep a school open, for the whole year. When you look at the per-pupil-cost, there are great savings (Brekke, 1992). Besides being cost-effective, there are multiple advantages in having kids attending school all year. Children will not forget so much information, over short breaks, compared to what they would forget over long vacations. Students would also be able to advance quicker, because teachers would not have to waste time reviewing. This is especially true, for those students whom English is a second language. A majority of the year-round schools have students attending during different periods of the year. Three groups of children would be in school, while one group would be on vacation ( ). This would allow for even more students to attend the same school. A school that would normally hold 1000 pupils would now be able to house 1300. The creation of charter schools, would be the next best idea, to handle overcrowding. During the 1960's, educators began looking for new ways to deal with the problem of overcrowded schools. Mostly in-part to court-ordered desegregation laws, school systems began opening up specialty schools. Whether a child was learning disabled or was considered at-risk, schools to help their particular needs emerged. By 1988, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) endorsed the charter concept (Federal, 1997). Charter schools are extremely similar to public schools. These schools are free to the public. There is no discrimination in the selection process. All local, state, and federal laws must be followed. The same standardized tests, which are given to public school students, are given to charter school students. There are also various key concepts missing from public school education that are found in charter schools. One of the key concepts is charter schools' accountability. Charter schools have to show results. If only a small percentage of students graduate, a charter school could faced being closed. These schools have their charters renewed, every few years. This is a great incentive to provide the best education possible. Choice and flexibility are key factors, which make charter schools attractive. School officials can hire quality faculty members, maintain high academic standards, and allow parent involvement, because of the school's freedom. This flexibility allows schools to be designed for each community's specific needs.

Close analysis of key scenes in Journeys End Essays

Close analysis of key scenes in Journeys End Essays Close analysis of key scenes in Journeys End Essay Close analysis of key scenes in Journeys End Essay that he is deeply in love with Raleighs sister and that he is one of the colonels strongest men, is denied by Stanhope in the argument. Stanhope also says: Yes, she is waiting for me and she doesnt know. This immediately raises the dramatic tension as we are trying to either find out what it is that Raleighs sister doesnt know, or why she doesnt know. The only possible reasoning I can think of for Stanhopes behaviour is that Stanhope wants her to think good of him, or that she wouldnt think Stanhope very brave or courageous. This brings me to the very important aspect of Stanhopes character which is repeated throughout the play. Stanhopes expectations of him and of others are extremely high. This is the reason Stanhope chose drinking over pretending to be ill, his reason for not telling his family or Raleighs sister what is happening, and his reason for not returning home on his last leave. We already know that Stanhope is desperate at making sure no one knows his problems and this is putting pressure on himself. And this pressure and tension is reflected in the audience as we see Stanhope struggling and choosing not to reveal his fear. On Page 32 to 35, the stage directions show Stanhope drinking gradually more and more. This increases tension in the audience as we know that when Stanhope drinks, his temper becomes very short and he is easily irritated. Therefore we are expecting a big reaction from him. Stanhope also puts pressure on a few words directed towards Osborne, for example: I couldnt bear being fully conscious all the time youve felt that, Uncle, havent you? This puts pressure on Osborne and the members in the audience dont know how Osborne is going to react, or if he will agree with Stanhopes methods. As Osborne is portrayed as a very nice and good character, our loyalties automatically lie with Osborne so we in the audience are agreeing with Osborne. This section of the play is when Stanhope attempts to explain his drinking habit to Osborne and as he doesnt react aggressively, the tension drops and the audience can relax knowing that Stanhope isnt going to have a violent outburst. He is incredibly ashamed of himself but will never admit it and the audience is aware of this and this adds tension as we are unsure of whether or not to feel sorry for Stanhope. On page 33, Stanhope begins talking about confiscating Raleighs letter. As he is slightly drunk, we dont know if what Stanhope is saying, he is going to act upon. Cross out all he says about me. Then we all go west in the big attack and she goes on thinking Im a fine fellow. The tension quickly drops as Osborne dismisses this statement and carries on putting Stanhope to bed. So this makes us in the audience think that Stanhope isnt being serious or sensible and we automatically think that Osborne will sort it out, and nothing will become of it. The tension is also dismissed over this particular section of the play because after Stanhopes and Osbornes discussion, if you can call it that, over Raleighs letter, Osborne immediately talks to Mason completely normally and over trivial matters and this lets the audience forget about what Stanhope has just said. The next part of the play I am going to look at is Act II, Scene 1, around page 42. This is the part where Raleigh is talking about writing a letter. The pages preceding this incident are all talk of trivial matters and this lets the audience relax, there is no tension here whatsoever. However when Raleigh says the words: I started a letter when I came off duty last night. How do we send letters? This makes the audience immediately, sit up straight if you like, and pay close attention to what happens next. The silence juts before Raleigh says this shows that he is uncomfortable. This increases the tension as we remember Stanhopes previous statement from last night. Again, we are unsure whether Stanhope or Osborne will do anything about it. However this tension is dismissed as Osborne happily says where letters should go. This doesnt last long because as son as Stanhope enters the dugout, Raleigh makes a quick departure which is oddly suspicious. And makes Raleigh seem afraid of Stanhope, as if he knows that what he has written about Stanhope gives cause for questioning. This adds to the tension greatly as we start to think Raleigh has written something about Stanhope. Stanhope then starts talking about the forthcoming attack. We in the audience cannot relate to what Stanhope is talking about. It sounds complicated and dangerous. Osborne questions what Stanhope is doing which gives greater cause for concern. We can only rely on the fact that Stanhope is apparently a good officer and that he knows what he is doing. Stanhope also says: Im not going to trust the companies on our sides to hold their ground! This leads to thinking that they dont have much of a chance in the attack, and that the opposition has a good chance of succeeding. Therefore, we have added tension caused by worry and intrigue. The next section of the play is that of which Stanhope questions his sanity. He says: You dont think Im going potty? This makes the audience question whether what Stanhope is talking about organising the attack, will work and the audience worries about the lives of the people under Stanhopes command. We also wonder if Stanhope could be potentially dangerous as we know that he has a severe temper. At the bottom of page 45, we see Stanhopes outlook on the war and this shows Stanhope is very pessimistic and unhappy. It makes the war seem incredibly dangerous and contradicts the other soldiers opinions. For example, Stanhope says: You could have heard a pin drop in the quiet, yet you knew thousand of guns were hidden there, all ready cleaned and oiled millions of bullets lying in pouches And Osborne and Raleigh say: The Germans are really quite decent arent they? It was so near the German trenches that they could have shot our fellows one by one. But a big German officer stood up in their trenches and called out: Carry Him! We are more inclined to believe Stanhopes view on the war as we know he has had much more experience and is a superior officer towards his contemporaries, Osborne and Raleigh. This suddenly adds tension as, we cannot relate to the war, we were not alive in that time. But Stanhope gives a picture of the war making it look very bleak and threatening which adds tension. The next section I will look at is on page 47 to 49 where Stanhope confiscates Raleighs letter. The tension remains constant throughout page 46 until Stanhope asks the question: Whats Raleigh doing now? The tension increases dramatically and Osborne says calmly that he is finishing a letter. Stanhope becomes quite angry immediately and starts to become worried irritable. The language in this part is very short and snappy. This shows that Stanhope is irritated and slightly panicking. Osborne is in disbelief of what Stanhope Is saying. As we know Osborne to be very level-headed and calm, we tend to agree with what Osborne is saying, believing him to be in the right. This section is much deeper than military depth. It is basic manners and Stanhope seems to lack these at this time. Instead of politely and calmly thinking this through, he turns to aggression. This makes the audience very tense as we are expecting a great reaction. Stanhope then tells us about how he met Raleigh in the dugout the night before, and this does make us question Stanhopes sanity again. He says: He looked at me as if Id hit him between the eyes as if Id spat on him - We know that Raleigh would not look at Stanhope like this, he idolises him and worships him. Therefore we know Stanhope is becoming delusional and this increases dramatic tension as we want to see what Raleigh has actually written. When Raleigh returns to the dugout with his letter, the sentences become short and slow. This shows Stanhope has run out of patience and is trying to show authority over Raleigh. He wants to sound threatening to make Raleigh do what he wants him to, which is to give up the letter. Stanhope speaks very quietly, which adds to the sinister aspect. This is where tension becomes incredibly high as we are very close to reading the letter, and we dont know Stanhopes reaction. At the top of page 48, I can see in the stage directions, lots of words like stammering, nervously, astonished and trembling. This shows this scene is very tense. Stanhope resorts to orders, it his last resort and shows how desperate he is to stop any information about himself getting back home. He abuses his power as we know he would not do this normally. He also resorts to physical violence which will have looked very dramatic from an audiences point of view and very over-the-top. The tension drops as we realise Stanhope has got the letter off Raleigh and we are certain we are going to find out what he has written about Stanhope. However when we hear that Stanhope does not wish to read the letter, there is a sense of disappointment in the audience. As we are unsure whether or not we are going to find out what happens in the letter, there is tension throughout the rest of this scene, until Osborne has finished reading Raleighs letter. Tension is present when Osborne offers to read the letter for Stanhope. We wonder if Osborne has hidden motives, but I think that Osborne reads the letter because he feels for Stanhope. Even though Osborne does not believe Stanhopes tactics are right, he wants to help him, and put Stanhope out of his misery. The next part I am going to talk about is page 50 to 54, the part of the play where we hear about Stanhopes team having to make a raid on the Germans. Firstly we see Stanhope giving the Sergeant-major about the details on the attack. We have tension present as this is something unknown to most of us. We cannot imagine having a serious attack made on us, and this increases the tension. Stanhopes tone is very abrupt and snappy. This makes the scene seem a lot faster-paced and this creates more tension. Now, look here, sergeant-major! To start with, Stanhope is very honest, and certain things that he says, makes us doubt the success of the attack. For example, It may happen that companies on our sides will give way. This increases the tension as we automatically worry for the safety of the soldiers. Secondly I will discuss Stanhopes conversation with the Colonel about the upcoming raid. The first sign of tension we see is very obvious. The Colonel says: Im glad youre alone. Ive got some rather serious news. Immediately this sends alarm bells through our heads as we have no clues on what the Colonel is talking about. Anything could have happened to create a dramatic twist in the plotline. The Colonel tells us about the upcoming attack which will take place in a mere 2 days. This means there is hardly any time for the men to prepare for the raid. This creates tension as the success of the raid is looking bleaker. However the tension is still further increased as we hear that Stanhopes men have to make a raid, and that it has to be incredibly soon. Our hearts leap when the Colonel says: As soon as possible. He said tonight. The tension is at an all time high but slightly drops when Stanhope dismisses this. This does not last for long as it is decided that the raid will take place tomorrow afternoon, and in broad daylight. It is also decided that two officers and ten men have to be taken. This is a very dangerous raid and we are all aware of the officers, and fear for their safety. We also know that it is guaranteed that not all the men will come back so the suspense is very high. Stanhopes replies become very short which is an obvious sign of him not being incredibly happy or optimistic about the raid. This adds tension as we subconsciously trust Stanhopes decisions and judgements, as we know he is a good officer. The tension becomes greater as we know that Stanhope has to choose the men. This is a great burden to lie on Stanhopes shoulders and we feel the horror he feels. As the men go through the available officers and dismisses them one by one. We get the gradual realisation that the Colonel wishes to take Raleigh on the raid. We dont know how Stanhope will react to this news, if he will be glad to get rid of Raleigh. The tension in the audience is very high because we know that Raleigh does not have a sensible perspective on the war yet, and if this raid will frighten and shock him. The next part of the play is Page 55 to 58, where Stanhope and Hibbert are arguing over his assumed neuralgia. The audience are not sure whether to believe Hibbert or not, because other peoples accounts of Hibbert are not very high at all. Neuralgia is a disease that is incredibly difficult to prove if the sufferer has it or not, therefore it would be a great excuse to get out of the war. In the context of the time, it was rare for, what we now call shell shock to be recognised as an actual problem and to be taken seriously. A man who was seen as incapable of going out was very likely to be seen as a coward and many men would have been shot. I obviously refer here to contemporary context. There is a high sense of patriotism and men serving as soldiers were looked upon as if that was there duty. Courage from the men was both expected and assumed, and anything less than this was seen as weakness and actually failing. There were many high expectations placed upon the young men and it was not acceptable to let people down, as it would have affected your family and friends back home. Another issue contributing to the play would have been propaganda. At home, victories and glory were very much exaggerated and there wasnt much news of what was realistically happening in the trenches. We see examples of this duty throughout the play, ranging from the times when Stanhope doesnt wish for Raleigh to send a letter home to his parents, to where Hibbert wants to be sent home with an actual illness. Therefore the tension is high at all these times. The tension starts to increase when Hibbert raises his voice to Stanhope. It gives the audience a shock as up until that point the conversation has been quiet and civilised. Hibbert becomes hysterical and this causes tension as we dont know how Stanhope will react to this. We know that Stanhope has had a large amount of whisky. As we see Stanhope get out the revolver we reach the highest amount of tension. Again this is another example of contemporary context. When we see a gun, of any kind, we feel threatened. This has nothing to do with the war, but because Stanhope has got out his gun, we automatically suspect the worse. Stanhope subtlety threatens Hibbert and the tension becomes higher as we dont know if Stanhope is being serious and will carry out his threat. Suddenly, there is a lot of action on stage as we see Hibbert attempt to hit Stanhope. The tension is still high here as we know that Stanhope will be incredibly angry with Hibbert for trying to escape, let alone hit him. But we also know the punishment for deserting, or for striking a superior officer. During the 30 seconds Stanhope gives Hibbert, it is incredibly quiet onstage and we are left in suspense as we wonder whether or not Stanhope will shoot Hibbert. After the 30 seconds are up, the tension drops incredibly as we see Stanhope putting his gun back in the holster. Stanhope then talks to Hibbert perfectly normally, as if they have forgotten what has just taken place. Stanhope says: Good man, Hibbert. I liked the way you stuck that. After this, Stanhope explains himself to Hibbert, for the audiences sake. This relaxes the audience slightly as we know can understand Stanhopes reasons for behaving like he did. The next part in the play which causes tension is Osborne and Trotters conversation about the raid. The tension is high for two reasons. The conversation is very short and snappy and this keeps the conversation flowing at a faster pace. Nothing thats said is unnecessary. Secondly, the characters are giving their true opinions of their raid. They do not have to hide their opinions so we can see an honest view on the raid. As Osborne and Trotter are unsure about Raleigh going into the raid, we are tense as we doubt Raleigh will be safe. Finally we hear Raleighs opinion of being volunteered for the raid. The tension drops as we realise Raleigh is unafraid and very excited. IN some sense, this could add to the tension as we realise the extent of Raleighs naivety. Throughout pages 69 to 72, the tension is constant, as the raid is only a few minutes away. There is nothing major to comment upon, but the conversation is very distracting and different to what we would have been expecting. This shows that Osborne is trying to comfort Raleighs nerves. It also shows that Osborne is worried about the raid. And again, this causes tension in the audience. On Page 73, in the stage directions, it shows that there is a slight silence which will add tension and suspense to the audience. Afterwards there is a large amount of noise and flashing noise to signify the battle and this will cause tension as we can relate to the loud noises as threatening. Also, the immense scale of the noise means that we fear that men have been killed and because we cant see whats happening, the tension is high as we wait for the battle to end so we can see what has happened. After the noise on stage has finished there is a long conversation between Stanhope and the Colonel, talking about the German captive. This causes tension because no one mentions the officers sent out on the raid. The tension builds and builds throughout this conversation until the men are mentioned. It is the sense of not knowing if they are alright that keeps us interested in what is happening on stage. On the top of page 76, Stanhope and the Colonel begin talking about the men lost in the raid. Stanhope says: How awfully nice if the brigadiers pleased. This statement is awfully sarcastic. We know that Stanhope is incredibly close to being rude to a superior officer and there is tension because we dont know if Stanhope will take his insults any further or if he will leave it as it is. The tone Stanhope uses in his voice, in the stage directions it is said Stanhope speaks in a dead voice. I can imagine this to be a voice with no feeling or hidden meanings. This voice alone will add to the tension as we cannot detect what Stanhope is really feeling in this voice. After this sentence, there is a short silence, and this gives the audience time to take in what Stanhope has just said and prepare for what the Colonel will answer back. As the Colonel asks about the men, the tension quickly drops as we hear Raleigh has been brought safely back. From hearing about Raleigh being placed in the raiding party, and the raid itself, the audience focuses their attention on Raleigh, sure that he is not going to return. As we hear Raleigh is back safely, the tension drops, but rises again as we hear Osborne has not come back. To Stanhope the loss of Osborne will be incredibly trying on his nerves and the audience dont know how he will react to the news of his death. We worry he might take his drinking habit even further as Osborne was the only person Stanhope could depend upon and trust. In one sense, his only friend in the war. The next section I will analyse is on page 83, where Raleigh arrives late for Stanhopes specially planned dinner. To the end of the scene, Stanhope and Raleigh are arguing about Raleigh not turning up for dinner. The tension here is high as we dont know whether Stanhope will take pity on Raleigh, or be angry with him. As we see it becomes the latter, the tension drops a little bit and the tone of the conversation stays the same for a while. However on page 85 we hear Raleigh stand up for himself for the first time in the play. He says: Good God! Dont you understand? How can I sit down and eat that when when Osbornes lying out there - As this is the first time weve heard Raleigh talk to Stanhope, his beloved hero in this fashion, therefore we automatically listen more attentively to see if he keeps up this manner. The tension also increases as we want to see how Stanhope reacts to this sentence. As he carries on insulting and shouting at Raleigh, the tension drops as we see nothing more serious is going to become of this. Up until page 91 the tension stays constant until we hear Stanhope say a very short line of: Corporal Ross hit? Up until this point we dont understand the severity of the fire that is upon the men. It is the fact that we are seeing our first casualty, besides the death of Osborne. Automatically the tension rises as we hear of people becoming injured. Stanhope and the Sergeant Major talk in short and snappy tones. This keeps the play with a fast pace and keeps the audience enthralled. On page 92 we first hear of Raleigh being hit. We panic at this point because Raleigh is one of the main characters and we have grown to like him. The tension increases even more as we understand his spine is broken. Using contemporary context, we know that this is an incredibly severe injury. It has nothing to do with being in the war that gives us this tension, but the fact that we know, as well as the characters do that Raleigh is going to die. The reason the tension does not drop here however is because we are interested in seeing how Stanhope reacts to this news. In some sense, he should be happy as this cuts all his ties from the outside world, this injury keeps Stanhopes secret safe. However we hope Stanhope will show some emotion for his old friend and this is what we get to see. The tension increases as we see Stanhope trying to help Raleigh, even though we know he doesnt have much of a chance. These acts by Stanhope bring a small amount of hope upon the audience and keep the audience watching to see if Raleigh recovers. Also, the tension is high as we see a new and hidden side of Stanhope. Revealing his emotions about Raleigh and his kindness. In effect, this section of the play acts as a sort of conclusion and we can confirm Stanhopes true feelings over Raleigh and this keeps the audience paying attention.

Myers Surname Meaning and Origin

Myers Surname Meaning and Origin The surname Myers or Myer is usually either of German or British origin, depending upon the country of the particular family. The German origin of the surname Myers has the meaning steward or bailiff, as in the magistrate of a city or town.​The English origin of the surname has three possible sources:   A patronymic surname meaning son of the mayor,  from  the Old English  maire  (maior)  meaning  mayor.A topographic surname for someone who lived near a marsh, or someone with mire (swampy, low-lying land) in the town name,  from the Old Norse myrr meaning marsh.Possibly a surname derived from the Old French  mire  meaning physician.   Myers can also be an  Anglicized form of the Gaelic surname Ó Midhir, likely a variant of Ó Meidhir, meaning mayor.   Myers is the 85th most popular surname in the United States. Surname Origin:  English, German Alternate Surname Spellings:  MYER, MEYERS, MEYER, MEERS, MEARS, MEARES, MYARS, MYRES, MIERS, MIARES, MYERES Famous People with the Surname MYERS Michael John Mike Myers: Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter, director, and film producerStephenie Meyer: American author, best known for her Twilight book seriesJonathan Rhys Meyers: Irish actorWalter Dean Myers: American authorErnest Myers:  English poet, classicist, and author Where Do People With the MYERS Surname Live? Myers is the worlds 1,777th most common surname, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears, found most prevalently in the United States. It is most common based on a percentage of the population in Liberia, where it ranks 74th. It is a little less common in Canada, Australia, and England, where it ranks 427th, 435th and 447th respectively. Myers is especially common on Prince Edward Island, Canada, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler. Within the United States, Myers is found most frequently in the states of West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kansas and Ohio. Genealogy Resources for the Surname MYERS 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Myers Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Myers family crest or coat of arms for the Myers surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   MYERS Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Myers surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Myers query. FamilySearch - MYERS GenealogyAccess over 9 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Myers surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MYERS Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Myers surname. DistantCousin.com - MYERS Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Myers. The Myers Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Myers from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Short Easay 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Easay 3 - Essay Example HITDA – High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area is a criminal justice organization which works because of regular inputs from local, state and federal agencies. For a smooth functioning of HITDA it is very necessary that these different agencies cooperate with each other and that there is no conflict. The seeds of latent conflict are removed by formulation of a clear operational strategy by an executive board where each government agency has an equal representation. This reduces the instances of conflict as the director of HITDA focus on conflict management and resolution. Despite massive efforts in the field of conflict management, experts believe that conflict in criminal justice organization is a normal process and eliminating it is both unrealistic and counterproductive to the long term health of the organization. This is because a conflict can be a healing process where many issues are raised and solved where as in a no conflict scenario there can be a blind surrender to rules which can harm the human side of the organization. Most of the organizations want conformity over a long-tem period for this purpose they use different kinds of power. But none of these methods is the best when dealing with organizations. The appropriateness of the type of power depends upon the situation. For example, employing coercive method compliance among rank-and-file officers usually through strict rules and regulations is not satisfactory because the officers are averse to such strategies. Similarly legitimate, expert and charismatic power can lead to a situation of greater employee acceptance. While, coercive and reward base may lead to a dysfunctional effect. Hence, there is no one particular type of power that is

Literature review about piezoelectric electronic circuit Research Paper

Literature review about piezoelectric electronic circuit (Rectification with an inductor and Buck DC-DC converter cuircuit) - Research Paper Example (Diamond, 2009) Much of its role in alternative energy and applications but first, what is piezoelectricity or, the piezoelectric effect? Wayne Tomasi (2004) defines the piezoelectric effect as generating electrical oscillations as varying mechanical stresses—either as, compression, tension, torsion or shearing, is applied across a crystal lattice structure (i.e. quartz, Rochelle salts, tourmaline, etc.) and vice versa. With this, ambient vibrations in and around systems which typically, are lost energy, can be captured and converted to usable energy, available for consumption—the primary goal of power harvesting; but since, as shown in research, the energy generated by piezoelectricity is insufficient to power most electronics, power harvesting technology has, mostly, focused on accumulation and storage techniques that would enable technology to collect enough energy for a variety of applications. (Sodano et al., 2005) In this premise, the researcher came up with a pro ject, entitled â€Å"Integrated Circuits for Energy Harvesting Application†, aiming to design and build a prototype circuit that utilizes piezoelectricity—via the PFCB-W14 piezoelectric device, for energizing small electronic systems, which in this case, is the charging of a Lithium-ion rechargeable battery—which have become very popular today. Figure 1. Equivalent Circuit and Power Generation of PFCB-W14 at 27Hz To better visualize the concept of piezoelectricity, illustrated above is an equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric generator—functioning as a capacitor and a resistor in series with the output terminals, as well as a bar chart of the power generation of Advanced Ceramics Incorporated PFCB-W14 at 27Hz, both obtained from PFCB-W14 Specifications Sheet. By closely looking into the chart, it can be seen that with load resistance in the range of 400k? to 600k?, at typical amounts of force applied, there is maximum power. And along the lines of impedan ce-matching, when the load and source impedances—in this case, the load and internal resistances, were equal, maximum power transfer occurs, an important point to consider in every circuit design. (Boylestad & Nashelsky, 1998) Also, note that the output of the generator is an ac voltage. Disregarding impedance-matching, rectifying the piezoelectric generator, and directly connecting the output to a capacitor or battery would have been a more straightforward approach for the project. Despite its simplicity and the fact that this circuit works, with the enormous mismatch between the resistances of the generator (in the order of millions) and the battery (merely in ohms, and at times even down to milliohms), basically all the power would be dissipated as heat in the generator itself. For a better implementation of the project, the circuit shown below was considered. Figure 2. Simple Charging Circuit using Inductor Illustrated above is a simple charging circuit that utilizes an i nductor, on top of piezoelectric generator, a rectifier bridge, a Zener diode and a Lithium battery that is being charged. Inductor Adding an inductor, as shown above, with sufficiently high reactance so as for the piezoelectric

Physical Therapist Report Essay Example for Free

Physical Therapist Report Essay The career I’m most interested in is Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy is Rehabilitation concerned with the restoration of function and prevention of physical disability following disease, injury or loss of body parts. (www. emonetwork. org/terms. asp) Physical Therapist have a very direct relationship with their patients and work with them over a period of time to help them become more mobile. There are numerous reasons why I want to become a physical therapist. Science, since I can remember, has always been my favorite and best subject in school. It’s what I find the most interesting and learn the easiest. Life Science, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics are all courses I have enjoyed taking. I’ve always known I was going to do something in the Healthcare Profession as a career but I never knew what until recently. I chose physical therapy because its not as much school as a doctor would go through, it’s great pay, you get to help patients live a better life, you get a lot of benefits including health insurance, and employment is expected to grow much faster then the average. Physical therapist earn an average salary of $70,000. They also get paid vacations. Helping people everyday and watching them progress is something I would enjoy doing in life. Physical therapist spend about seven years in school total depending on how long it takes you to complete your undergraduate degree. After completing your undergraduate degree you would have to go through an accredited Physical therapist graduate school, which takes about three years. I plan on going either to Sonoma State University or CSU East Bay to complete my undergraduate degree in kinesiology. After that I want to go to graduate school at the University of California San Francisco. Where: After I complete my Masters and become a licensed physical therapist I want to move to Southern California and work in a hospital down there. After a few years I want to open my own physical therapy business and be self-employed in my own private practice.

Medieval Food :: Food Historical Essays

Medieval Food Food is something that all people have always and will always need to consume in order to survive and thrive. Not only this, but it is also has an important societal function. Food is an important part of celebrations and sometimes dictates roles in societies. In Medieval society food was important for banquets, what was eaten by a person could denote what class a person was from, and was often mentioned in the literature. For my project I presented desserts, bread, and a couple of drinks. As far as the bread is concerned I made one loaf using beer and one loaf using water. The desserts were a strawberry tart, and Daryols, which is basically a custard or pudding pie. I also made two alcohol drinks, Mead, though very weak, and spiced wine. Food is commonly mentioned throughout Old English and Medieval literature. In â€Å"Beowulf†, much of the action revolves around the mead hall where great banquets are held. In â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†, the poem begins in the banquet hall and the Green knight first appears before King Arthur and his guests at a feast. Since most of the recipes which I used are from the 14th century I focused most of the literary aspect of my presentation on Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"Canterbury Tales.† First of all the whole reason that the pilgrims tell their tales is because the inn keeper agrees to give the teller of the best story a free dinner at the end of the pilgrimage. Three characters, in particular, are described in the general prologue in relation to food, the nun or prioress, the franklin, and not surprisingly the cook. â€Å"Canterbury Tales† characters The Nun or Prioress is on page 218 of the Norton Anthology of English Literature, seventh edition volume one. Her passage discusses her impeccable manners. The Franklin is on page 223 of the Norton Anthology of English Literature, seventh edition volume one. His passage discusses his grand hall and all of the food he always has on hand and ready to eat in case someone shows up. The Cook is on page 224 of the Norton Anthology of English Literature, seventh edition volume one. This description discusses all of the utensils that the cook brought and what he plans to cook while the pilgrims walk across England.

Evolution of aviation during World War II Essay

The year between the two great Wars saw the continuation and expansion of aviation technology. By now, European nations knew the uses of airplanes in war times. Even though disarmament was commanded by the treaty of Versailles, many nations (mostly Europeans) continued to advance their aircraft technology in a lesser or higher degree (Pavelic, 2007, p. 2). Unlike the First World War, there was greater interest in research and advance studies on material science, aerodynamics, engine thermodynamics and fuel technology that favored the extensive use of monoplane and the use of new high powered weapons in fighter planes like cannons and rockets (Mathews, 2001, p. 9). Even though Germany was denied to build an air force by the Treaty of Versailles, nevertheless, they continued to conduct covert aeronautical research for secret rearmament plans during the interwar years. Secretly they also bought aircrafts from other countries. It can be said therefore that in spite of being banned to build military aircrafts, Germany was up-to-date in aircraft development. In fact by the time the Pact of Paris (1926) relaxed their restriction on German aviation development, Germany built some of the most advanced aircraft in the world (Pavelic, 2007, p. 2). Increasing the speed and rising at high altitudes had remained the preoccupation of aircraft development in the interwar and Second World War. Altitude was very important to the military because of their mission to intercept and attack invading bombers (Matthews, 2001, p. 9). For conventional type of airplanes, development was geared toward increasing speed and altitude through engine development, particularly the piston engine and turbo jet engine. Britain had design one of the best liquid-cooled aircraft engines, the Rolls Royce Merlin, used in World War II for two heavy bombers, the Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Hurricanes (Pavelec, 2007, p. 7). However, the alternative to piston engine, the turbojet engine (engine without propeller) can be considered the greatest achievement in the history of aviation in terms of speed development and solved the problem of jet propulsion during the interwar and the Second World War. It was Germany who led in this development in the person of Dr. Hans von Ohain who completed a flight-worthy turbojet engine for aircraft, commencing the jet age on August 27, 1939. Throughout the war, the race for jet speed was dominated by the Germans and they were the ones who initiated to produce jet aircraft for combat operations. Other countries soon followed suit (although they have their own jet inventions at the same time that the Germans developed it but with less support) in producing turbojet engine. In Britain, it was Frank Whittle who developed a turbojet engine that powered the Gloster Pioneer on May 15, 1941 and the only Allied combat jet aircraft ,Meteor. By the end of the war, airplanes of the Second World War travel in faster speeds than their predecessors, with a record of 606 miles per hour by the British Gloster Meteor IV powered by a turbojet engine (Matthews, 2001, p. 6). Radar was also an innovation in aviation during the Second World War. When the First World War had ended, nations had realized that airplanes, especially those carrying bombs, will pose a threat to their safety. Therefore, radar systems were developed and in the Second World War, they were installed in airplanes to detect enemy aircrafts or ships, or to help in navigation or to accurately locate bombing targets ( Perry, 1988, p. 703). IV. Conclusion It is very obvious that due to the pressing need of the First and Second World War, the history of aviation took a rapid turn. It is at this period that aircrafts changed its role from transport and reconnaissance vehicle to destructive weapons of war when fighter and bomber planes were developed. Airplanes also undergone rapid change in physical appearance from biplanes to monoplanes and from using fabric to full-metal body. During the interwar periods, as aircrafts were already seen as an integral part in war victory, in-depth researches in aerodynamics and thermodynamics and other engineering technology related to flying was undertaken well into the Second World War. Moreover, the quest for greater speed and high altitudes was improved in the Second World War upon the invention of turbo jet engines as an alternative to the piston engines of the First World War.

The Process of Changing a Newborns Diaper

You should not take lightly the changing of a diaper. For it to be done correctly, you need to take the time and do the proper steps. If not done so, your baby could end up with a diaper rash and more seriously, an infection. A clean diapered baby is a happy baby. To start, you need to know the weight of the newborn. With this, you will be able to find which size diapers will be appropriate. Not all newborns wear newborn diapers. You will also need to decide on which brand diaper you will want to use. There are several brands to choose. The name brands are nice because they absorb more and children are less likely to get rashes. Priced less and packaged in greater quantity are generic brands. However, they are less absorbent, which results in frequent changing and greater chance for diaper rash. You will also need a diaper wipes and powder. Again, there are name brand and generic. You will have to make the decision based on, which is better for you and your newborns needs. After you choose the size and brand you need to set up the area in which you will be changing the newborn. It should be soft yet washable. Sometimes things can get a little messy and you will want to be able to disinfect. Put all these supplies at easy access to you where you will be changing the newborn. Make sure supplies are at the foot of the changing area. This will keep little hands from reaching them. All the cellophane should be off the packages. Take the diapers out of the packaging and stack them at a hand’s reach. You should not have to walk away as soon as you start changing the baby. You are ready to change. Start by placing the baby on the changing surface with its head at appropriate end. Undress the baby from waist down. There are tabs on the front of the diaper, lift up on the corners of them and the diaper will be unsecured. You need to check if the baby has had a bowel movement. To do this, just pull diaper carefully down between the legs of the baby. If so, hold both feet of the baby in left hand (for right handed people, right hand for left handed people). You now only have your right hand to work with. You will be holding the baby’s feet in your left hand for rest of the diaper changing. Lift the baby up so that only their butt is off the table. While still holding baby in this position, take your right hand and place it in between the baby’s leg going toward the head. Grab the front of the diaper and pull it back through the legs carefully. You do not want to have to clean more than you have to. Place the front of the diaper down on the changing surface. Do not remove from underneath the baby yet. Babies will go at anytime, so the diaper underneath will grab any surprises. Next, open wipes box and remove one. Place wipe on the baby’s front by where you see the start of the bowel movement. With a front to back motion, wipe the baby’s bottom. Take the dirty wipe and place it in the front of the soiled diaper. You may need to be repeating this step until the wipe does not show any soiling. Be sure to get into all the creases and check the back for soiling. If the baby, however, didn’t have a bowel movement then one wipe should be used to wipe off any urine that is on the baby. Then place the dirty wipe on the soiled diaper. Now you take the soiled diaper out from underneath the baby. You do this by sliding it toward the feet of the baby. Set it aside. Reach over and get a new diaper off the new stack. Place the back of the diaper (the side with tabs) under the baby, making sure that the top of the diaper is in the lower to middle back. To check this, lower baby down to check placement. If not correct, lift the baby back up and adjust placement of diaper. Finally, you can lower the baby down. The baby is now on top of a clean diaper and is ready for powder. Open powder by turning ribbed top until you see the holes are open. With feet in one hand, lift baby’s bottom slightly up. Take caution with this next step. Turn the powder container slowly over baby’s bottom. Softly shake it like a salt shaker. You and the baby will be covered in powder If too much force is used After a light dusting of powder is applied, place the baby down back onto the diaper. Now it is time to secure the diaper onto the baby. This step is usually the most difficult. Do not get frustrated. It takes patients and practice. Take the front of the diaper and lift it up slowly in-between the baby’s legs. Look for the tabs that are secured to the diaper. On either side of the baby Pull up on the corner of the tab and lift to expose the adhesive. Bring the tab over to the front of the diaper. You will see a cute decoration pattern strip that is shiny on the front of diaper. This is where you will secure the tab. You will want to do the first side towards the middle of the strip. Take the opposite side tab and do the same. If you have difficulties reaching the middle with the second tab, you may have to loosen the first one you applied. To get the correct tightness, it might take a few adjustments on the placement of the tabs. Make sure that the tabs are even from the center. This will give you an evenly placed diaper on the baby. The diaper should be snug. If you can see in-between the baby and the diaper, it’s too loose. On the contrary, if the babies skin is wrinkling, it’s too tight. Finally, it’s time to dress the baby from waist down. When this is done, place the baby in a safe place. Wash the changing area with a disinfectant, throw away soiled diaper and wash your hands. Now that wasn’t so bad. Was it? If your lucky, you only have 2 more years of diaper changing. In no time you’ll be able to do it in your sleep.

Business Coursework

Business Coursework Business Coursework Any student attending business courses has to write a business courseworkat some point in their academic career. Actually, business coursework may weight up to 50% of your final grade. Thus, students should be very responsible with regards business coursework writing. You cannot handle such a project overnight, as you have to devote enough time to writing, organizing ideas, researching thoughts of others, and editing your final draft of business coursework. Business is complex study and it includes a lot of themes for discussion. Any them can be interpreted into the topic anyhow related to it, so while choosing the topic you should be sure that you are keen on it and, very important, that you can add something new into the current knowledge on the topic. It is of primary importance to use the most relevant, updated resources for your business coursework writing: Moreover, you should rely on journal and magazine articles, books, and governmental sites only to support your statements. Wikipedia, personal blogs, or forum postings are not treated as reliable sources of information and it will not help you get a good grade. Business coursework should: have a good topic for discussion. It must not be too narrow as well as not too wide, because in the first case you will have to search for the needed material and maybe to pay for the information; while in the second case you will not include all the information into one business coursework.There is a danger of the treading water. Thus, be wise with the choice of sources. be planned in advance. It is not easy to conduct thorough research. You will have to collect material, search for the questions, write an outline and format your paper and many other things to do. If you do not think over the sequence of ideas, the chaos will be the defining feature of your business coursework.Start working. be written according to the required structure. You have heard a lot of times that any written assignment should be done in the following structure: introduction, body parts and conclusion, - but you do not know that introduction should contain the thesis statement, the body parts should have as many paragraphs as many thoughts you want to develop in thebusiness coursework, the conclusion should be written according to the introduction and include your own solutions to the problem. So structure properly. You may avoid all of these painful aspects of business coursework writing process if you rely on professionalism of our writers! We can definitely deliver a well-written coursework on time. Satisfaction with quality guaranteed! Interesting posts: Cause and Effect Essay Argumentative Essay Topics English Essay Writing Thesis Writing Thesis Topics

Texas Carbon Definition

Texas Carbon Definition A Texas carbon is the name given to a  carbon atom  that forms  five  bonds. The name Texas carbon comes from the shape formed by five bonds radiating outwards from the carbon similar to the star in the Texas state flag. Another popular idea is that the saying Everything is bigger in Texas   applies to carbon atoms. Although carbon usually forms 4 chemical bonds, its possible (though rare) for 5 bonds to form. The carbonium ion and superacid methanium (CH5) is a gas that can be produced under low-temperature laboratory conditions. CH4 H → CH5 Other examples of Texas carbon compounds  have been observed. References Synthesis and Characterization of Stable Hypervalent Carbon Compounds (10-C-5) Bearing a 2,6-Bis(p-substituted phenyloxymethyl)benzene LigandKin-ya Akiba  et al.  J. Am. Chem. Soc.,  2005,  127  (16), pp 5893–5901 Planar Pentacoordinate Carbon in CAl5: A Global MinimumYong  Pei,  Wei  An,  Keigo  Ito,  Paul von RagueÃŒ Ã‚  Schleyer  and  Xiao Cheng  Zeng  J. Am. Chem. Soc.,  2008  130  (31), 10394-10400

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Hence, a student can be able to achieve success in some aspects of their life while at school. For example, there are students who will excel in sports, socialization, and other different aspects of development while failing to pose excellent grades in class. In effect, qualifying such students as failures and branding them as such is not appropriate. To me, I think I have been an overall good student this far. However, the adjective ‘good’ is relative since there have been incidences whereby I think I have not done my best to be a good student. In effect, this reflection paper analyses my student life and the adjustments that I can make to turn my failures into successes while make the successes only better to help me achieve a lot in future. Assignments and school projects form the foundation of a student’s life in school. In this case, the assignments and projects ensure that a student is graded and their progress determined depending on the grades they obtaine d. In effect, a student who fails many of their assignments is branded a failure once they fail to post good grades in their examinations while those who posted impressive grades become successful. For me, I value the challenge posed by assignments and projects since they have been important in ensuring that I posted good grades. In this case, I have been able to hand in my assignments and projects on time. However, I am not happy with the approach that I was taking towards completing these assignments. In this case, I used to work on my assignments a few days, or even hours, before the submission deadline. In effect, I do not think that the level of hard work and research I was putting on these assignments helped me produce and realize my full potential. I feel that the grades were not a reflection of the best that I could have done, which effectively means that the grades are far from what I should have achieved. On the other hand, group projects have been influential since I have been able to interact with diverse people and gain self-confidence. However, we did not conduct our group’s projects in an approach that brought the best out of every member. In this case, I feel that I was not a good a student since I did not speak to my colleagues about this issue. Rather, I chose to remain silent instead of asking my group members to change the way we engaged each other since we were not achieving our full potential. Maintaining silence was not reflective of the behavior that a good student should have observed and I regret this approach. In effect, I want to ensure that I adjusted the approach that we used to conduct our group activities so that I can achieve success as a student in the United States. I realized that I relied more on fellow students than I relied on my instructors. In line with this, relying on my fellow students was beneficial since I gained insights that helped me during my studies. However, I think that I should have engaged my instru ctors more than my fellow students in order to obtain informative insights due to the experience that instructors have in comparison to students. I want to adjust this aspect in order to become a successful student in the United States. Overall, I am a good student although there are some aspects of a good student that I have to accomplish. In this regard, I realize that I have not engaged in extra-curricular activities throughout the course of my

He Enron Accounting Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

He Enron Accounting Scandal - Essay Example Second is misrepresenting the earnings reports that made the executives enjoy investments as they continued to report fraudulent earnings to investors which still attracted others due to the apparent financial gains that were being reported. Third is that the top company executives were involved in embezzlement as they kept on pocketing investment funds from the unsuspecting investors that led to the bankruptcy of the company. Fourth is the company’s idea of mark to market accounting introduced by skilling that made it the first company to use such as complex method to account for its contracts. (Petrick & Scherer, 2004) This meant income could be recorded even without receiving the money and this increased financial earnings. This was fraudulent especially after the Blockbuster video contract that resulted in losses that were treated as profits by the company. Fifth action was poor financial auditing through the use of reckless standards that did not identify mistakes in repo rting leading to the collapse of the company (Thomas, 2002). Risk management measures to avert the events Initially with the appointment of Skilling to the financial department, the CEO let him implement sophisticated risk control system at Enron. Embracing this new idea as a whole without first having to test it was a bad thing for the company (Culp, 2002). As much as ideas were initiated to adequate screening was made as members of the risk assessment group colluded with the management to approve deals. Therefore the first thing to do would have been to establish a flawless risk assessment group that was answerable to the board to avoid the events that led to the company’s collapse (Healy & Palepu, 2003). Secondly the company’s problems seemed to have emerged from the carefree attitude that was the norm for the management. They turned a blind eye to a lot of malpractices that were happening in the company making its situation worse. The company should have enforced a hands on management style instead of the hands off style that let the company run like a runaway train. Together with this the company should have enforced corporate governance ethics in order to eliminate such malpractices or reduce risks of them happening (Culp, 2002). The company should have also laid down the ground rules especially for the fiance department when it comes to reporting of the company’s earnings and other financial results. A simple accounting method should have been used and one that could be easily understood by shareholders and the board of directors so that people are not deceived into believing they have revenues which they do not actually have (Rosen, 2004). Ethical considerations of the laws applicable to the case The laws that applicable to this case specifically look at the issue of fraud and public misinformation. All financial information concerning the operations of any public owned company or any other company for that matter should be disclos ed at the end of a particular period of time following the laid down rules and regulations of financial reporting. The law requires that company be responsible in their conduct and relationship with various stakeholders so that each of the party enjoys the outcomes that are got from operating the business. The laws also require that the management acts in

Franklin Roosevelt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Franklin Roosevelt - Essay Example He also had a natural charisma that helped him to connect to with all sections of American population. He was a natural orator whose powerful voice stayed the listener’s heart. He also had a sense of patrician responsibility towards the other people. FDR had a very strong character as well as requisite political skills to get his programs enacted and communicate his visions of America. FDR was a strong believer in democratic views that is  the center-left and  social-liberal platform and supported  social  justice and mixed economy.  To elevate the situation in 1930s, he offered various programs that were designed for promotion of economic and social equality of the people all over the country. These programs were specially designed for promotion of consumer protection, various social programs, environmental protection, universal health care, and equal opportunity for all. In 1910, when he entered politics and ran for state Senate from Dutchness County, the local Democratic  Party supported his candidature as the â€Å"paper candidate†. The main reason behind this was that it was  a Republican  seat so the party did not expect a  democratic  win.  However, with his typical strong character and charisma, he ran a tight campaign and won the election.  He used these qualities in his life  time and again  when he was facing adverse times in  his personal  and professional life  (Polenberg, 2000).  After this victory, he went from strength to strength in his political life and used creativity to attain his objective. On  the domestic  front, when he took power for the first time as the President, the country’s economy was in completely ruined due to deficit issues (Polenberg, 2000).  . As soon as he took the office, he enacted many  laws,  which were expressly designed to lift the country out of 1930s depression. Also, he as completely committed to New Deal concept and backed it completely. On  the foreign  front, the world

Rationale for concentrating on teaching of reading strategies

Rationale for concentrating on teaching of reading strategies Becoming a teacher is a complex process of change and development not only in terms of behaviour but also in cognition, affect and knowledge (Calderhead, 1990). Moreover, as a language teacher, the importance of keeping your language skills and classroom methods up to date is essential. Thus, attending an in-service training course may hold a significant key to solving a myriad of obstacles facing teachers development (Day, 1999; Craft, 2000; Sugrue, 2001; Hammadou, 2004; Lee, 2007). Why I chose this format for the workshop? Considering that teachers appear to be allergic to theory, especially when it is delivered in the lecture mode (Kouraogo, 1987, p.173), the workshop is designed as a communicative interaction between the trainer and the teachers who are supposed to act as students in a normal classroom environment. As Kouraogo(1987, p.173) maintains teachers consistently ask for practical tips and ready-made usable materials as soon as they return to their classrooms and it is the trainers intended . to show teachers how ineffective teaching may become if learners are not taught explicitly how to use reading strategies to perform better. While subscribing to Hayes opinion that training/development sessions should value participants existing knowledge, it is the role of the teacher trainer to make these theories explicit during the course (Wright, 1990, p. 92). In practice, this means that sessions should give participants an opportunity to talk about their perceptions of the teaching-learning process, and provide guidance in understanding its theoretical underpinning. What am I aiming at in terms of teacher cognition and their instructional practice? The training programme is based on my belief that an awareness, knowledge and understanding of theoretical aspects of language and language learning theory will enhance the chances for the language teacher to adopt a more effective methodology and promote students effective learning . Similarly, Ellis (1986, p.92) emphasizes the idea that the practice of actual teaching can be improved by making teachers aware of the options open to them and the principles by which they can evaluate these alternatives. I assume that in-service teachers experience a certain level of comfort with the teaching strategies they have previously employed often for many years and see no real reason to alter them (Adams and Chen (1981). Therefore in-service training is a good opportunity to help teachers reflect upon their teaching practices and make them aware of their teaching weaknesses and strengths. Upgrading teachers knowledge on the chosen topic as well as assessing and reviewing their own teaching role in the light of changes in research is another aim of the teacher trainer. Why I chose the topic reading strategies? The main arguments in support of my choosing this topic for the training programme are manifold. Firstly, the scarcity of studies on investigating teachers beliefs in the area of second language reading instruction have indicated an unclear picture of teachers belief construct in teaching reading( Chou, 2008, p.192). However, making the teachers aware of their consequent instructional practices may reshape their knowledge about teaching reading and allingn their practice to the research. The second point is a practical one. The effectiveness of teaching reading is closely related to reading- related strategies and strategy-training. As (Singhal, 2001) suggests research in the area have found that strategy training leads to improved reading performance. Her view is reinforced by Wellingham (2007, p.39) who emphasizes that strategy instruction improves comprehension. Therefore, the teachers role is to maximize the students potential reading ability by helping them use reading strategies so as they become fluent and efficient readers. The third point is determined by the context in which I teach and the target audience of the workshop. The question whether teachers develop reading skills in their classroom may be answered negatively if we consider the result of the questionnaire that I administered to my target audience. As a result, discovering the best methods and techniques for achieving fluent reading with adequate comprehension, and identifying what techniques or processes the learners may use becomes a prerequisite of this workshop. Why I chose these activities? Taking into consideration that participants usually bring a wealth of ideas and experience to in-service sessions( Hayes, p.9) and the fact that it is an awareness raising session, the activities have been chosen to with the above mentioned reasons. Student teachers have a rich store of initial knowledge and beliefs about teaching and learning (Nisbett and Ross, 1980), and these beliefs are mainly shaped by their prior learning experiences (Lortie, 1975). In the present study, student teachers are conceptualised in this way, and thus it aimed to identify sources of their initial beliefs In the first part of the session, participants are briefly introduced to the topic of the Then, they are invited to respond to some given texts and share ideas with their peers. Concept Mapping- Morine-Deshimer (1993), Artiles, Mostert, and Tankersley (1994), and Winitzky and Kauchak (1995). It is the view of Armour-Thomas (1989) that teachers thought processes influence their judgements, decisions and practices. Therefore, attempting to uncover teachers thoughts for elicitation of mental processes in research on teacher thinking are concept mapping. Choosing this method, will enable me to examine participants understanding of the topic and investigate the influences of particular components of a teacher education course on student teachers knowledge (Calderhead,1990). As well as this, it will be useful in revealing gaps, misconceptions, and the degree of sophistication of their conceptualisations. Presentation of the training programme This training programme consists of 6 interrelated theoretical and practical workshops to be attended by EFL/ ESL in-service teachers with a special interest in teaching reading, and who are willing to explore the potential benefits of exploring the reading process in more depth. Acquiring practical and theoretical skills will be taught in interactive and student-centred workshops, focussing on the participants personal input while attending the training session: 1.an introductory session to shed light on the reading process in L1 and L2 including types of reading, different theoretical approaches to teaching reading- 2 hours 2. teaching and using effective reading strategies 2 hours 3. understanding and evaluating reading teaching materials and their aims while focusing on selecting materials to motivate students and to improve their reading skills- 4 hours 4.assessing reading and designing a reading task- 4 hours 5. a practical session which offers each participant the possibility of choosing a certain type of reading and to explore it in more depth in terms of efficient classroom activities or as Clair (1995) ironically emphasizes Give me stuff. Give me a goody bag. You can use this with your fourth grade students who dont speak English. I will use it (p.191). 4 hours 6. evaluation of the workshop and reflective feedback on teachers beliefs- 2 hours Prior to attending the training programme, each teacher answered a questionnaire whose results will be used during the training sessions. In addition, the training programme will be led entirely by one trainer so as any changes in teachers beliefs can be observed and evaluated. At the end of the training programme, each participants will receive an observation sheet containing information about the changes he/she might undergo. Presentation of the workshop about teaching reading strategies The objectives of this two-hour training session are to improve the expertise of in-service EFL teachers in relation to teaching reading strategies and dissipate some of the misunderstandings that hamper effective and efficient classroom practice. Aims of the training session To raise awareness of advantages and disadvantages of different types of reading strategies To help teachers begin to develop competent To highlight the role of reading strategies training in reading comprehension Learning outcomes At the end of this session teachers are expected To distinguish between effective and ineffective reading strategies To select or identify the best reading strategies in order to help the learners gain language knowledge To decide on appropriate ways of encouraging effective reading Workshop outline Task Activity Objective Duration Process Materials Notes Welcome, introduction, session outline To activate learners schemata 5 minutes Powerpoint presentation- 1 slide Exploring experience problem-solving activity To reflect upon the use of reading strategies 5 minutes copies of texts Concept Mapping to examine the structure of student teachers knowledge and to investigate the 20 minutes Participants are asked to brainstorm about reading strategies. After having produced a list of terms (i. e. concepts) they are then asked to arrange them and demonstrate their connections, and on some occasions label what these relationships are. The concept map eventually produced is thought to represent participants understanding of the topic. The doing of the activity and, implicitly the reflection on the process itself hopefully triggered a certain amount of learning. 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things you learned 2 interesting things you discovered 1 question that you still have To review issues from the workshop and to get feedback from the activities 20 minutes Individual response to the task Table format 3-2-1 Awareness raising